Pānuitia ngā whakarāpopototanga o ngā kōrero taunaki matua mō ngā atua whāea

Papatūānuku (1983) nā Robyn Kahukiwa (e whakaahuatia ana i roto i te tuhinga A30(c))


Ka whakapae a Professor Leonie Pihama (tuhinga  A19) kua whakaitihia, kua whakaahua hētia e ētahi kaimātai mātāwaka Pākehā, kaituhi hoki ngā atua wāhine. Ka whakapae ia i whakamārama a Elsdon Best rāua ko Berys Heuer mā te arotahi o te ahurea Pākehā tāmarutāne; e whakarite ana i a rātou hei 'iti iho' i ngā atua tāne, ā, e hāngai ana ki te 'pōuri me te kino'. Ka kī a Ahorangi Pihama i whakaatu ngā taupatupatu i waenga i ngā mahi a ēnei kaimātai mātāwaka kāhore ngā pāpori Māori tuku iho i whakaaro he iti iho ngā atua wāhine (me ngā wāhine whānui hoki). I miramira hoki ia i te 'whānuitanga o ngā pūrākau ā-iwi e kōrero ana ki te tīmatanga, te waihangatanga rānei o te tangata,' kaua ko te pono kotahi.


I miramira a Te Ringahuia Hata (tuhinga A30 me A30(b)) i te ihotanga o ngā atua wāhine i roto i te ao Māori i mua i te tāmitanga. E whakatinanahia ana tēnei hononga i roto i te huatau o te whakapapa: ‘Whaka – ko te tikanga kia auaha, kia whakaputa, kia waihanga, kia mahi rānei. Papa – ka ahu tōtika mai i a Papatūānuku. Nā reira, ko te whakapapa e hāngai ana ... ki ngā wāhine e puta mai ana i tō mātou whaea ā-nuku'. Ahakoa ka kī a Hata kāhore e iti iho i te 80 ngā atua wāhine; i arotahi tana taunakitanga ki a Papatūānuku, Hineahuone, Hinetītama, me Whakaari. Ka mihi atu hoki a Hata ki te mātau o Dame Mira Szazy, kua haere ki tua o te ārai, [te kaikerēme matua o Wai 381] i roto i te pakanga ki te tāmarutāne me te whakahē o te atua wāhine', e kī horipū ana i tana taunakitanga i Ngā Nohoanga mō ngā Whenua o Muriwhenua:

Ko mātou ngā tamariki o Papatūānuku, te Whaea ā-nuku, tētahi o ō mātou matua tuatahi. Ka whakapae mātou e puta mai ana te taiao katoa i a ia – ō mātou whenua, ngāherehere, awa, roto, me ngā moana me ngā tauoranga katoa o roto. Nā reira, he hōhonu tō mātou wairuatanga i roto i te whenua, ngā whenua i ora, i mate ō mātou tīpuna ki runga, ngā moana i haeretia e rātou me ngā whetū i ārahi i a rātou ki Aotearoa. I whāngaia ā-tinana hoki rātou e ngā hua o Tāne rāua ko Tangaroa. I whakautea te tapu o te mauri o ngā mea katoa.


Ka kōrero a Dr Aroha Yates-Smith (tuhinga A47)  mō ngā atua whāea, e kōrero ana mō tana mahi i tāngia mō tēnei kaupapa me tana tuhinga whakapae kairangi, Hine! E Hine! Rediscovering the Feminine in Maori Spirituality (1999), ināianei e mōhiotia whānuitia ana hei tuhinga hiranga mō tēnei kaupapa.

E tuku ana a Dr Aroha Yates Smith i te taunakitanga ki Tūrangawaewae Marae, Ngāruawāhia,


Ka tīmata a Paula Ormsby (tuhinga A55) i tana taunakitanga ki tēnei kōrero: ‘He Tamāhine, He Tuahine, He Tuakana/Teina, He Whaea, He Whaea kēkē, He Kuia hoki e tūhonotia ana mā te Whakapapa. He atua wāhine mātou, i whakaahuatia i te kura i Kurawaka ā, i auaha i ngā koha o ngā atua. I āta whakatakoto tana taunakitanga i ngā pūrākau me te mātai tuarangi whānui; e tautuhi ana i ngā atua maha, tae atu ki a Wainuiātea, Papatūānuku, Hineahuone, Hinetītama, Hine-Moana, Hine-te-iwaiwa, Mahora-nui-atea, Muriranga-whenua, Mahuika, me Tangotango.


Ka tuku taunakitanga a Patricia Tauroa (tuhinga A60) i te taunakitanga mō Papatūānuku, Hineahuone, Hinetītama, Hinenuitepō, Murirangawhenua, me Mahuika. Ki tana whakaaro, he wāhanga ēnei atua whāea o 'ō mātou ake DNA' engari i pāpātia kinotia te mātauranga o ēnei e te tīmatanga o ngā akoranga mihinare.


Ka aro atu a Professor Rangi Mātāmua (tuhinga A86) ki tana māramatanga o te mātai arorangi ki te whakamārama i te whakatinanatanga o ētahi atua wāhine ki ētahi whetū o te rangi. Otirā, ka whakaingoatia, ka tautuhia hoki e ia ngā atua e hāngai ana ki ngā pea o te tau, te marama, me ngā whetū (tae atu ki Matariki me Puanga, ina puta ai e hāngai ana ki te Tau Hou mō ngā Māori tokomaha).


I matapaki a Heeni Collins (tuhinga A108) i te tukunga ihotanga mō Io nō te tirohanga o Ngāti Raukawa. E ai ki tēnei tuku ihotanga ko Io-matua-kore te tino atua. I kōrero a Collins mō ētahi mātāpuna tōmua e hopu ana i te hiranga o tēnei kōrero tuku iho ki Ngāti Raukawa, tae atu ki ngā tuhinga i tētahi hui i tū ki Kihikihi i te tau 1912 i matapaki he pēhea 'te whai wāhi o te huatau o Io-matua ki te ahurea me te whakapono tuku iho i haria mai i runga i te waka o Tainui'. Ka tohutoro hoki ia i ētahi kōrero tōmua a ngāi Māori mō Io i tāngia ki te Journal of the Polynesian Society i te tau 1907. I miramira a Collins ko ngā ingoa katoa o Io he irakore, e whakaata ana i te hiahia mō te hangarite me te kotahitanga i waenga i ngā āhuatanga tāne me ngā āhuatanga wāhine, i roto i te wairuatanga me te ao Māori.


Ka matapaki a Aroha Rickus (tuhinga A140) i a Papatūānuku rātou ko Hineahuone, ko Hineteiwaiwa, ko Hinetītama. Hei tāna, ko te tino āhua o ngā mātai tuarangi Māori ko te hangarite i waenga i ngā atua wāhine me ngā atua tāne, he hangarite ira i whāia hoki e ōna tīpuna kia eke. Heoi anō, ka whakapae ia kua whakahaumarutia te 'mana tāne' e tō tātou ahurea, engari kua takahia te mana, ā, kua hunaia i roto i te pāpori Māori onāianei'. Ki a ia, ko tētahi tikanga i takahia ai, ko te whakakoretia o ngā korero atua wāhine e ngā kōrero koroniara, Karaitiana hoki.


Ka tuku a Hira Huata (tuhinga A149) i te āta whakamāramatanga o te mātai tuarangi Māori, e kī ana i moe a Io te tino atua i Te Rikoriko, e whakaputa ana i Te Ao (māramatanga) me Te Pō (pōuri). Kātahi ka haere mai a Ranginui rāua ko Papatūānuku, nā rāua i whānau mai ngā whetū katoa i te rangi. Ka whakarārangi a Huata i ēnei whetū, tae atu ki ngā uri o Tāne rāua ko Hineahuone.

Papatūānuku me Rūāumoko (2019) nā Robyn Kahukiwa (kei roto i te tuhinga A30(c) te whakaahua)


I whakamārama a Dallas King (tuhinga A150(a)) mēnā he atua tāne, tērā ngā atua wāhine, ētahi hei atua whakahē, hangarite rānei arā, Ranginui rāua ko Papatūānuku; ko ētahi hei atua takawaenga, arā Tangaroa, Moana-tū-te-repo, me Tāne Mahuta; ā, ko ētahi atu hei rangatiratanga me ngā whakatinanatanga tāne, wāhine hoki, pērā i te moana, e whakaahuatia ana hei Tangaroa, hei Hinemoana hoki.

Kei Ngā Hau E Whā, Ōtautahi, a Dallas King i roto i te whakaahua nei me tana rōia, me Tavake Afeaki.