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Te waitohutanga o te Tiriti

Te waitohutanga tuatahi ki Waitangi

I te 6 o Pēpuere 1840, i waitohua te Tiriti o Waitangi ki Waitangi, ki Pēwhairangi e Kapene Wiremu Hopihona, ētahi kainoho Ingarihi, ā, ko tōna 43 ki te 46 rangatira Māori.

He aha te Karauna o Piritānia i hiahia ai ki tētahi tiriti?

I te whakaaro te Kāwanatanga o Piritānia kia whakatū i tētahi tūmomo kāwanatanga kiri tangata i Aotearoa nā te pikinga haere o ngā tāngata nō Piritānia i te haere mai ki Aotearoa noho ai. Heoi anō, nā te whakamahere mō te whakanoho tūmataiti a te New Zealand Company i āki te Kāwanatanga Piritānia kia mahi. I whakahau te kāwanatanga i a Kapene Wiremu Hopihona kia mahi hei māngai mō te Karauna o Piritānia ki te whiriwhiri i tētahi tiriti nā runga anō i te herenga kia whiwhi whakaaetanga Māori i mua i te whakatū i tētahi tūmomo kāwanatanga.

Ngā waitohutanga puta noa i te motu

I muri iho i te waitohutanga ki Waitangi, i haria haeretia te Tiriti ki ngā wāhi i Te Tai Tokerau kia whiwhi ki ētahi atu waitohu Māori. I tukuna hoki ētahi tārua ki te motu kia waitohua. I te mutunga o taua tau, neke atu i te 500 ngā Māori i waitohu i te Tiriti. Tekau mā toru o taua 500 he wāhine. I waitohua tētahi whārangi me ngā kupu Pākehā ki Te Pūaha-o-Waikato me Manukau anake e ngā rangatira e toru tekau mā iwa.

Te pūrongo a te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi, He Whakaputanga me te Tiriti

Ko ngā takenga mai o te tiriti, me te tukanga i waitohua ai ki ētahi wāhi rerekē puta noa i Aotearoa, he pūtake o te taupatupatu nui ā-hītori. E whakarato ana te pūrongo a te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi nō te Wāhanga 1 Te Paparahi o Te Raki (Te Tai Tokerau) i te kōrero whānui o ngā waitohutanga tuatahi ki Waitangi, Waimate, me Mangungu:

He Whakaputanga me te Tiriti: The Report on Stage 1 of the Te Paparahi o Te Raki Inquiry [PDF, 16MB] (hononga o waho)

Toro atu ki te hononga He Whakaputanga me te Tiriti/The Declaration and the Treaty: The Report on Stage 1 of the Te Paparahi o Te Raki Inquiry

Te tikanga o te Tiriti

Ngā tuhinga e rua o te tiriti

E rua ngā tuhinga o te tiriti: tētahi ki te reo Māori, ā, tētahi ki te reo Pākehā.

I raro i te Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975, e noho haepapa ana te rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi kia whakatau i te whakamāramatanga me te pānga o te tiriti mō ngā take o te ruku tātari ki ngā kerēme Māori. Heoi anō, ehara te tuhinga Māori i te whakamāoritanga tōtika o te tuhinga Pākehā. Nā reira, he herenga i raro i te Treaty of Waitangi Act kia 'whakatau i ngā take e puta ana i ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ngā mea e rua'.

Ka whai ake tētahi ārahi whānui ki te whakamāramatanga o ngā tuhinga o te tiriti.

 

Kupu Whakamahuki

Ka kī te kupu whakamahuki ki te tuhinga Ingarihi ko ngā takune Piritānia kia:

·       whakahaumaru i ngā pānga Māori i te nōhanga Piritānia e aurara ana

·       te whakarato mō te nōhanga Piritānia

·       whakatū i te kāwanatanga kia whakapūmau i te rongo me te nahanaha.

 

He kīanga āhua ōrite i roto i te tuhinga Māori engari he rerekē te miramira nā te mea te āhua nei ko ngā kupu taunaki matua o te Kuini ki a ngāi Māori kia:

·       tāmau i te rangatiratanga ā-iwi

·       tāmau i te puritanga whenua Māori.

I roto i te tuhinga reo Māori o atikara 1, i tuku a ngāi Māori i te 'kāwanatanga' ki te hunga nō Piritānia, engari, i roto i te tuhinga reo Pākehā, i tukuna e ngāi Māori te 'sovereignty'.

Ko tētahi o ngā uauatanga mā te hunga i waihanga i te tuhinga reo Māori o te tiriti, kāhore he kupu ōrite ki te 'sovereignty' i roto i te horopaki o te pāpori Māori. Ko tā ngā rangatira he 'mana' i te whenua me ngā rauemi mā te hapori whānui.

Ko te kupu i whakamahia i roto i te tuhinga reo Māori, te 'kāwanatanga' he kupu mino, he whakawhitinga o te kupu 'governance', e whakamahia ana i taua wā. Ka puta mai te māramatanga o ngāi Māori i te whakamahinga i roto i te Rongo Pai o te Paipera (ina kōrero ana mō Ponatio Pirato), me tō rātou mōhiotanga ki te tūnga o te Kāwana o Niu Haute Wēra, i kīia ai e rātou ko 'Kāwana'.

Ka whakamahia e te tuhinga reo Māori o atikara 2 te kupu 'rangatiratanga' ina oati ana kia tautoko i te mana whakahaere o ngā iwi i roto i ō rātou whenua, ō rātou taonga hoki. Ka miramira tēnei kōwhiringa kupu i te mana me te rangatiratanga.

I roto i te tuhinga reo Pākehā, ka oati te Kuini ki ngāi Māori te rirohanga mārire o ō rātou papanoho, tae atu ki ō rātou whenua, ngahere, mahinga hī ika, ina hiahia tonu ana rātou kia pupuritia tonutia. Ka miramira tēnei tuhinga i ngā mōtika papanoho, puritanga hoki.

I roto i te tuhinga reo Māori e whakaae ana ngā rangatira kia hoko whenua ki te Kuini i ngā utu e whakaaetia ana:

‘ka tuku ki te Kuini te hokonga o era wahi wenua e pai ai te tangata nona te Wenua-ki te ritenga o te utu e wakaritea ai e ratou ko te kai hoko e meatia nei e te Kuini hei kai hoko mona’. 

Hei whakatairitenga, i roto i te tuhinga Pākehā ka kīia tēnei te ‘exclusive right of Preemption’, ko te tikanga o tēnei mā te Karauna anake ngā whenua e hoko i ngāi Māori. 

Kua whakatauhia e ngā pūkenga me te Taraipiunara he rerekē tā te Māori whakamāoritanga ki tā te Karauna whakamāoritanga. 

Kei roto i te atikara 3 o te tuhinga reo Pākehā, ka oati te Karauna ki ngāi Māori ngā painga o te whakahaumaru roera me ngā āhuatanga katoa o te kirirarau. I roto i te tuhinga Māori e whakaae ana te Kuini kia tuku ki a ngāi Māori ngā mōtika me ngā takohanga ōrite ki ō te hunga nō Ingarangi:

‘nga tikanga katoa rite tahi kia ana mea ki nga tangata o Ingarani’

 E miramira ana tēnei atikara i te ōritetanga me te mana taurite.

Ka kī te turukitanga o te tuhinga reo Māori kua kitea, kua whakaaetia hoki e ngā rangatira ngā kupu, ā, i whakaaetia kia tāpirihia ō rātou ingoa me ō rātou tohu:

‘ka kite nei i te ritenga o enei kupu, ka tangohia ka wakaaetia katoatia e matou, koia ka tohungia ai o matou ingoa o matou tohu.’

Ka tuhia ki te tuhinga reo Ingarihi, kua uru ngā kaiwaitohu ki te 'full spirit and meaning' o te tiriti. 

He mōhiohio anō e pā ana ki ngā tuhinga o te tiriti e kitea ana ki te upoko 7.5 ‘Te Tiriti and the Treaty: The Language’ i runga i te whārangi 348 o te pūrongo a te Rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi He Whakaputanga me te Tiriti.