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Tuhinga Ingarihi

Ka unuhia te tuhinga reo Pākehā o te tiriti i te āpitihanga tuatahi ki te Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975.

Preamble

HER MAJESTY VICTORIA Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland regarding with Her Royal Favour the Native Chiefs and Tribes of New Zealand and anxious to protect their just Rights and Property and to secure to them the enjoyment of Peace and Good Order has deemed it necessary in consequence of the great number of Her Majesty's Subjects who have already settled in New Zealand and the rapid extension of Emigration both from Europe and Australia which is still in progress to constitute and appoint a functionary properly authorized to treat with the Aborigines of New Zealand for the recognition of Her Majesty's Sovereign authority over the whole or any part of those islands – Her Majesty therefore being desirous to establish a settled form of Civil Government with a view to avert the evil consequences which must result from the absence of the necessary Laws and Institutions alike to the native population and to Her subjects has been graciously pleased to empower and to authorize me William Hobson a Captain in Her Majesty's Royal Navy Consul and Lieutenant Governor of such parts of New Zealand as may be or hereafter shall be ceded to her Majesty to invite the confederated and independent Chiefs of New Zealand to concur in the following Articles and Conditions.

Article the First

The Chiefs of the Confederation of the United Tribes of New Zealand and the separate and independent Chiefs who have not become members of the Confederation cede to Her Majesty the Queen of England absolutely and without reservation all the rights and powers of Sovereignty which the said Confederation or Individual Chiefs respectively exercise or possess, or may be supposed to exercise or to possess over their respective Territories as the sole Sovereigns thereof.

Article the Second

Her Majesty the Queen of England confirms and guarantees to the Chiefs and Tribes of New Zealand and to the respective families and individuals thereof the full exclusive and undisturbed possession of their Lands and Estates Forests Fisheries and other properties which they may collectively or individually possess so long as it is their wish and desire to retain the same in their possession; but the Chiefs of the United Tribes and the individual Chiefs yield to Her Majesty the exclusive right of Preemption over such lands as the proprietors thereof may be disposed to alienate at such prices as may be agreed upon between the respective Proprietors and persons appointed by Her Majesty to treat with them in that behalf.

Article the Third

In consideration thereof Her Majesty the Queen of England extends to the Natives of New Zealand Her royal protection and imparts to them all the Rights and Privileges of British Subjects.

W HOBSON
Lieutenant Governor.

Now therefore We the Chiefs of the Confederation of the United Tribes of New Zealand being assembled in Congress at Victoria in Waitangi and We the Separate and Independent Chiefs of New Zealand claiming authority over the Tribes and Territories which are specified after our respective names, having been made fully to understand the Provisions of the foregoing Treaty, accept and enter into the same in the full spirit and meaning thereof: in witness of which we have attached our signatures or marks at the places and the dates respectively specified.

Done at Waitangi this Sixth day of February in the year of Our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty.

[E whai ake ana ngā waitohu, ngā rā, te mea, te mea.]

Te reo Māori text

The following te reo Māori text of the treaty is taken from the first schedule to the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975.

Ko Wikitoria, te Kuini o Ingarani, i tana mahara atawai ki nga Rangatira me nga Hapu o Nu Tirani i tana hiahia hoki kia tohungia ki a ratou o ratou rangatiratanga, me to ratou wenua, a kia mau tonu hoki te Rongo ki a ratou me te Atanoho hoki kua wakaaro ia he mea tika kia tukua mai tetahi Rangatira hei kai wakarite ki nga Tangata maori o Nu Tirani-kia wakaaetia e nga Rangatira maori te Kawanatanga o te Kuini ki nga wahikatoa o te Wenua nei me nga Motu-na te mea hoki he tokomaha ke nga tangata o tona Iwi Kua noho ki tenei wenua, a e haere mai nei.

Na ko te Kuini e hiahia ana kia wakaritea te Kawanatanga kia kaua ai nga kino e puta mai ki te tangata Maori ki te Pakeha e noho ture kore ana.

Na, kua pai te Kuini kia tukua a hau a Wiremu Hopihona he Kapitana i te Roiara Nawi hei Kawana mo nga wahi katoa o Nu Tirani e tukua aianei, amua atu ki te Kuini e mea atu ana ia ki nga Rangatira o te wakaminenga o nga hapu o Nu Tirani me era Rangatira atu enei ture ka korerotia nei.

Ko te Tuatahi

Ko nga Rangatira o te Wakaminenga me nga Rangatira katoa hoki ki hai i uru ki taua wakaminenga ka tuku rawa atu ki te Kuini o Ingarani ake tonu atu-te Kawanatanga katoa o o ratou wenua.

Ko te Tuarua

Ko te Kuini o Ingarani ka wakarite ka wakaae ki nga Rangatira ki nga hapu-ki nga tangata katoa o Nu Tirani te tino rangatiratanga o o ratou wenua o ratou kainga me o ratou taonga katoa. Otiia ko nga Rangatira o te Wakaminenga me nga Rangatira katoa atu ka tuku ki te Kuini te hokonga o era wahi wenua e pai ai te tangata nona te Wenua-ki te ritenga o te utu e wakaritea ai e ratou ko te kai hoko e meatia nei e te Kuini hei kai hoko mona.

Ko te Tuatoru

Hei wakaritenga mai hoki tenei mo te wakaaetanga ki te Kawanatanga o te Kuini-Ka tiakina e te Kuini o Ingarani nga tangata maori katoa o Nu Tirani ka tukua ki a ratou nga tikanga katoa rite tahi ki ana mea ki nga tangata o Ingarani.

(Signed) William Hobson,
Consul and Lieutenant-Governor.

Na ko matou ko nga Rangatira o te Wakaminenga o nga hapu o Nu Tirani ka huihui nei ki Waitangi ko matou hoki ko nga Rangatira o Nu Tirani ka kite nei i te ritenga o enei kupu, ka tangohia ka wakaaetia katoatia e matou, koia ka tohungia ai o matou ingoa o matou tohu.

Ka meatia tenei ki Waitangi i te ono o nga ra o Pepueri i te tau kotahi mano, e waru rau e wa te kau o to tatou Ariki.

Ko nga Rangatira o te wakaminenga.

Te whakamāoritanga o te tuhinga reo Māori

Ko te whakamāoritanga e whai ake nei o te tuhinga reo Māori o te tiriti i waihangatia e te mema o mua o te Taraipiunara, e Ahorangi Tā Hugh Kawharu. Ko te whāinga o te whakamāoritanga kia whakaatu he pēhea te mārama o ngāi Māori ki te tikanga o te tuhinga i waitohua ai e rātou. I tāngia ki te pukapuka Waitangi Revisited: Waitangi Revisited: Perspectives on the Treaty of Waitangi, i ētitatia e Michael Belgrave rātou ko Merata Kawharu ko David Williams (Oxford University Press, 1989).

Victoria, the Queen of England, in her concern to protect the chiefs and the subtribes of New Zealand and in her desire to preserve their chieftainship1 and their lands to them and to maintain peace2 and good order considers it just to appoint an administrator3 one who will negotiate with the people of New Zealand to the end that their chiefs will agree to the Queen's Government being established over all parts of this land and (adjoining) islands4 and also because there are many of her subjects already living on this land and others yet to come. So the Queen desires to establish a government so that no evil will come to Māori and European living in a state of lawlessness. So the Queen has appointed 'me, William Hobson a Captain' in the Royal Navy to be Governor for all parts of New Zealand (both those) shortly to be received by the Queen and (those) to be received hereafter and presents5 to the chiefs of the Confederation chiefs of the subtribes of New Zealand and other chiefs these laws set out here.

The first

The Chiefs of the Confederation and all the Chiefs who have not joined that Confederation give absolutely to the Queen of England for ever the complete government6 over their land.

The second

The Queen of England agrees to protect the chiefs, the subtribes and all the people of New Zealand in the unqualified exercise7 of their chieftainship over their lands, villages and all their treasures.8 But on the other hand the Chiefs of the Confederation and all the Chiefs will sell9 land to the Queen at a price agreed to by the person owning it and by the person buying it (the latter being) appointed by the Queen as her purchase agent.

The third

For this agreed arrangement therefore concerning the Government of the Queen, the Queen of England will protect all the ordinary people of New Zealand and will give them the same rights and duties10 of citizenship as the people of England.11

[signed] William Hobson Consul & Lieut Governor

So we, the Chiefs of the Confederation of the subtribes of New Zealand meeting here at Waitangi having seen the shape of these words which we accept and agree to record our names and our marks thus.

Was done at Waitangi on the sixth of February in the year of our Lord 1840.

Kupu Āpiti

1.     'Chieftainship': kia mārama ki tēnei huatau me mōhio ki te horopaki o te whakahaerenga pāpori me te tōrangapū o te Māori i te tau 1840. Ko te mea tata e whakaaetia ana i tēnei wā ko te 'trusteeship'.

2.     'Peace': Te reo Māori 'Rongo', he whakamahinga mihinare pea (rongo — arā, kia rongo i te 'Kupu' — te 'karere' o te rongo me te whakaaro pai, te mea, te mea).

3.     Te tino tikanga ko 'Chief' ('Rangatira') kāore e kore, i konei, he rangirua. Kāore e kore, ehara te Pākehā i te Māori, engari tērā pea e kī ana te kupu he tūnga ōrite ki te tarahiti, kaua ko tērā o te 'functionary' noa iho. I roto i ngā kōrero a ngāi Māori ki Waitangi i te tau 1840 ka kīia ko Hopihona hei 'matua' mō te iwi Māori. Kāhore e kore kua pērā tonu tēnei waiaro ki te tangata e whakatinana ana i te Karauna tae noa ki tēnei wā — nā reira ko ngā kawatau me ngā takohanga e whakatakotohia ana i roto i te Tiriti.

4.     'Islands': arā, kei te takutai, ehara i Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa.

5.     Ko te tikanga hāngai ko te 'making': arā, 'offering', 'saying' rānei — engari ehara i te 'inviting to concur'.

6.     'Government': 'kawanatanga'. Kāhore e taea e ngā kaiwaitohu Māori te mārama ki te kāwanatanga, arā, o te 'sovereignty': arā, tētahi māramatanga i runga anō i te wheako, te hītori ahurea rānei.

7.     Ko te 'unqualified exercise' o te rangatiratanga — ka miramira ki te rangatira te takunetanga a te Kuini kia tuku i te whakahaere katoa e ai ki ō rātou tikanga.  Ko te tikanga o te 'tino' ko te 'quintessential'.

8.     'Treasures': 'taonga'. Kua mārama i ngā tāpaetanga ki te rōpū Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi, e kōrero ana te 'taonga' mō ngā āhuatanga katoa o te whenua o te rōpū ā-iwi, ngā mea ōkiko, tūrehurehu hoki — ngā tukunga ihotanga me ngā wāhi tapu, ngā kōrero a ngā tūpuna me te whakapapa, te mea, te mea.

9.     Ko te kupu Māori ko 'hokonga', ko te tikanga hāngai ko 'sale and purchase'.  Ko te tikanga o te 'hoko' ko te 'buy', te 'sell' rānei.

10. 'Rights and duties': E ai ki a ngāi Māori i Waitangi i te tau 1840 ka kīia ko Hopihona hei 'matua' mō te iwi Māori. Kāhore e kore kua pērā tonu tēnei waiaro ki te tangata e whakatinana ana i te Karauna tae noa ki tēnei wā — nā reira ko ngā kawatau me ngā takohanga e whakatakotohia ana i roto i te Tiriti.

11.   Heoi anō, tērā tētahi raruraru whīwhiwhi e pā ana ki te 'tikanga'. E tino kitea ana i konei te Kuini e whakahaumaru ana 'protecting' (arā, e whakaaetia ana te whakauka o) ngā tikanga a te Māori (arā, ngā customs) nā te mea e kore te Māori e mārama ki te tikanga a Piritānia (arā, ngā mōtika me ngā takohanga o ngā kirirarau Piritānia). Nā reira, e whakakaha ana tēnei i ngā taurangi i roto i te atikara 2.

Tirohia ngā kupu e rua o te tiriti

Toro atu ki te hononga E whakaatuhia ana ngā tuhinga e rua o te tiriti ki He Tohu, kei te Puna Mātauranga o Aotearoa, te kokonga o ngā Tiriti o Molesworth me Aitken. www.natlib.govt.nz/he-tohu (hononga o waho)