I te Rāhoroi te 9 o Tīhema 2023, i hoatu te wāhanga tuatahi o Tino Rangatiratanga me te Kāwanatanga: Te Pūrongo mō te Wāhanga 2 o te Ruku tātari mō Te Paparahi o te Raki ki ngā kaikerēme ki te Papawhenua Tiriti o Waitangi. I te wā o te takunetanga, i tāpae ngā mema o te rōpū i ngā tārua o te pūrongo i pānuitia ki ngā māngai o ngā hapū nō te Pēwhairangi, Hokianga, Whangārei, Managakāhia, Whangaroa, me Mahurangi me ngā motu o Tīkapa Moana o Hauraki. Ko tōna 500 tāngata nō Te Tai Tokerau, ngā kaikerēme e noho ana i waho atu o te takiwā, me ngā māngai o te Karauna i reira mō te hoatutanga. Kei runga i te rōpū mō te wāhanga 2 o te ruku tātari mō Te Paparahi o te Raki ko Kaiwhakawā Craig Coxhead (mana whakahaere), rātou ko Ahorangi Ranginui Walker (kua haere ki tua i te ārai), ko Tākuta Ann Parsonson, ko Tākuta Robyn Anderson, ko Tākuta Kihi Ngatai (kua haere hoki ki tua o te ārai).
I whakaputaina tuatahitia ā-ipurangi Tino Rangatiratanga me te Kāwanatanga i te 22 o Tīhema 2022. I whai whakaaro ki ngā kerēme e 415 i tukuna e ngā tāngata takitahi, ngā whānau, ngā hapū, me ngā rōpū whakahaere ā-iwi. I whiwhi te Taraipiunara ki ngā kerēme i waenga i te tau 1985 me te tau 2008, ā, ka rangona i roto i ngā nohoanga e 26 mai i te Māehe o te tau 2013 ki te Oketopa o te tau 2017. Ka arotahi te wāhanga 1 o te pūrongo ki ngā kerēme me ngā taunakitanga e pā ana ki te rautau tekau mā iwa. Ka whai i te pūrongo mō te wāhanga 1 a te Taraipiunara, He Whakaputanga me te Tiriti / The Declaration and the Treaty: Pūrongo mō te Wāhanga 1 o te Ruku Tātari mō Te Paparahi o Te Raki , ā, ko te otinga o taua pūrongo kāore ngā rangatira i waitohu i te Tiriti ki te Pēwhairangi me Hokianga i te Pēpuere o 1840 i tuku i tō rātou tino rangatiratanga.
Ko te take matua ko te whakapāpā tōrangapū i waenga i te Karauna me ngāi Māori i roto i te ruku tātari, ā, e uruparehia ana i roto i ngā upoko i whakaritea ki te raupapatanga wā. I whai whakaaro te tuatahi o ēnei upoko ki ngā mahi a te Karauna ki te whakapuaki i te rangatiratanga o te kuīni i Aotearoa. I te Mei o 1840, ka pānui a Kapene William Hobson i ngā paki e rua e whakanonoi ana i te rangatiratanga o te kuīni me te Karauna i runga i Te Ika-a-Māui, ā, nāwai rā ki Aotearoa whānui. Ka whakatau te Taraipiunara e mārama ana i ngā kupu o ngā paki o Mei, e whakaata ana i ngā kupu Ingarihi o ngā kupu o te tiriti, e ai ki te hunga Piritānia kua oti te 'tuku' i te rangatiratanga o te kuīni. Ka whakatau te Taraipiunara mā te paki i te rangatiratanga o te kuīni pērā i runga i Te Ika-a-Māui, i hārakiraki te Karauna ki ngā oati o te Tiriti - ngā kupu reo Māori o te tuhinga o te tiriti i waitohua e ngā rangatira o Te Raki.
Nā te kohuki o ēnei Māori nō te Tai Tokerau ki te ara haere o te hononga i tope ai a Hōne Heke i te pouhaki i runga i te puke o Maiki i te mutunga o te tau 1844 me te tīmatanga o te tau 1845. Ka tautuhi te Taraipiunara i ēnei topenga hei wero ki te kōkuhunga o te Karauna ki te tino rangatiratanga o Ngāpuhi, hei tohu hoki me tūtaki te Karauna ki a rātou me te whakatika i ngā take o te mana whakahaere hāngai. Ko tana otinga i whakahē te Karauna i ngā kōwhiringa kia kōrero ngātahi me ngā rangatira o Ngāpuhi e pā ana ki ō rātou āwangawanga kāore i te arohia te tiriti, ā, ka tuku hōia kē ki te whawhai ki a rātou.
I roto i te pakanga i whai ake, ko te otinga o te Taraipiunara nā te Karauna te pakanga i tīmata, e tuku ana i ngā hōia kia whakapūmau i te rangatiratanga o te kuīni i whakaponohia i whiwhi i te tau 1840. Ka tīmata te Karauna i ngā huakitanga ki ngā pā me ngā kāinga, e whakamōtī ana i ngā kāinga, ngā rawa, ngā waka, me ngā whakaputunga kai hoki. Waihoki, ka whakakaha te Karauna i ngā wehewehenga i roto o Ngāpuhi i te wā o te pakanga, ā, kāore i tino aro atu ki te toiora o te hunga kāore i te whawhai e pāngia ana e ana whakamataaratanga tauā.
I roto i te upoko 6 o te pūrongo, ka whai whakaaro te Taraipiunara ki ngā kaupapahere o te Karauna mō te whakatewhatewha o ngā hokohoko whenua i mua i te tau 1840. I mua i te waitohu i te Tiriti, kua hokohoko ngā Māori o Te Raki ki ngā tāngata whai i roto i te horopaki o ō rātou ake ture, me te tikanga o te tuku whenua. Heoi anō, mā te mahi o te kōmihana kerēme whenua tuatahi, me ngā rōpū whai muri i whakatūria kia whakatewhatewha i ngā kerēme whenua o mua, i riro i te Karauna te mana ki te whakatau i te hātepe kia tautuhi i ngā mōtika whenua, ā, i kapi te tikanga o ngā Māori o Te Raki ahakoa kāore rātou i whakaae, i whai wāhi atu rānei ki te whakataunga take. Ko te otinga o te Taraipiunara ko te whakatakoto a te Karauna i ngā huatau ā-ture me tana rironga i muri iho o ngā whenua tuwhene he ōrite ki te raupatu me te tango i te tino rangatiratanga o ngāi Māori i runga i ngā eka manomano ki Te Raki.
Kei roto i te upoko 7, ka matapaki te Taraipiunara i te panoni matua ā-turepapa nō ngā tekau tau 1850 me te 1860, i tino pā atu ki te hononga ā-tiriti ki Te Raki. I tīmata ēnei panoni ki te New Zealand Constitution Act 1852. Nā te ture nei i whakatū tētahi whare pāremata ā-motu me ngā whare e rua. He whare o raro me ngā māngai ka pōtitia e ngā tāngata whai, me tētahi whare ariki i kopoua ai ngā mema. Ko te mahi tuatahi a te New Zealand General Assembly he pāhi i tētahi mōtini e tono ana i te kāwanatanga haepapa, arā, he kāwanatanga motuhake mō ngā tāngata whai. Ka whakaaetia ana tēnei, ka whiwhi tonu te haepapatanga i te Kāwana māna tonu ngā whakataunga mō ngā take Māori, e tohe ana he ara tēnei e pai ake ai te whakahaumaru i ngāi Māori. Heoi anō, nāwai rā, ka riro te haepapatanga mō ngā take Māori i te kāwanatanga o ngā tāngata whai.
I roto i te Tiriti, i oati te Karauna kia whakahaumaru i ngāi Māori e pupuri ana i ō rātou whenua, e whakahaere ana i tō rātou tino rangatiratanga, me tō rātou mana motuhake. Engari kāore te Karauna i waihanga ēnei whakamarutanga ki te turepapa hou. Engari, ko te otinga o te Taraipiunara nāwai rā, i whakawhiti te Karauna i te mana whakahaere ki taua taupori tāngata whai anō, e ai ki tā rātou kī taurangi, i whakahaumarutia ai a ngāi Māori.
I kimi ngā kāwana Thomas Gore Browne rāua ko Grey i ngā whakatikahanga rerekē kia whakarato i te whai wāhi o ngāi Māori ki te mana urungi o ō rātou hapori, pērā i te Rūnanga o Kohimārama i te tau 1860, me te rūnanga ā-takiwā o Grey i te tau 1861. Heoi anō, ahakoa te tautoko o ngāi Māori o Te Raki mō ēnei kaupapa, he poto te wā i tū ngā mea e rua, ā, i muri tata iho i ēnei ko ngā whare whakawaimeha pērā i te Kōti Whakawā Whenua Māori.
Kei roto i ngā upoko 8, 9 me te 10 i arotake te Taraipiunara i te whakawātea whenua Māori mā te whakamahi a te Karauna i te hoko tōmua i waenga i te tau 1840 me te tau 1865; te whakatū i te Native Land Court hei pūnaha kaiwhakwā hei whakatau taitara ki te whenua Māori tuku iho, me te whakawhiti hei taitara takitahi; me te hoko tonu mai i te whenua me tōna ngarohanga i te hiku o te rautau tekau mā iwa. Ko te otinga o te Taraipiunara nā te whakatakoto o te Karauna i te pūnaha hou o te puritanga whenua mai i te tau 1862 he mea tino whakamōtī – ki te puritanga whenua o ngā Māori nō Te Raki, waihoki ki ngā anga me ngā tikanga hei tūāpapa o te whakahaere ā-ahurea, ā-tōrangapū, ā-ohaoha hoki o te hapū. Ko te tino pānga o ngā kaupapahere whenua o te Karauna i te rautau tekau mā iwa, i whakahaeretia ki tēnā wāhi, ki tēnā wāhi e ngā kaiwhakarite hokohoko o te Karauna ki ngā āhuatanga i takahi i te tiriti, kotahi hautoru anake e puritia ana e te hunga Māori i te tau 1900. I te mutunga o te rautau tekau mā iwa he maha ngā Māori o Te Raki kāore i te whiwhi whenua rawaka hei whāngai i a rātou, hei aha anō te tautoko i te whakawhanaketanga me te whai wāhi atu ki te ōhanga koroniara e tutuki ai tō rātou kawatau i te tau 1840. Kua tata ngaro katoa i ētahi hapū ō rātou whenua.
Ko te upoko matua whakamutunga o tēnei pūrongo e hāngai ana ki ngā mahi a ngā Māori o Te Raki ki te whakanonoi i tō rātou tino rangatiratanga i te hiku o te rautau tekau mā iwa. Ka whakatū rātou i ngā komiti hei takawaenga mō ngā taupatupatu ā-rohe me te whakahaere i ngā hononga me ngā tāngata whai me te Kāwanatanga koroniara, ā, i whakapāpā me ētahi atu iwi ki te raki ki te whakatū i ngā pāremata ā-rohe riterite ki Waitangi, ki Ōrākei, ki wāhi kē hoki. I kimi hoki ngā Māori nō Te Raki i te whakaaetanga me te Kīngitanga, ā, i uru ki ngā tūranga i roto i ngā mahi a te Kotahitanga ki te whakatū i te pāremata Māori ā-motu me ngā rōpū ā-rohe mō te mana motuhake e whakamanahia ana e te Karauna i ngā 1890.
E ai ki te Taraipiunara i te kimi noa iho ngā rangatira o te Kotahitanga i te whakamanatanga ā-ture o te Karauna i ngā komiti ā-rohe me te pāremata ā-motu e haere tonu ana. Heoi anō, i whakahē te Karauna i ā rātou marohi, otirā, kāore i te whakaae kia aro ki te tino whakawhitinga o te mana whakahaere i ngā whare koroniara. Ko te otinga o te Taraipiunara nā te korenga o te Karauna kia aro atu, kia whakaute hoki i te rangatiratanga o Te Raki i tēnei wā he takahi i te tiriti me ana mātāpono.
Ka mutu te pūrongo a te Taraipiunara ki ētahi tūtohu kia tautoko i te Karauna me ngā Māori o Te Raki i roto i ngā hui whakawhiti kōrero whakataunga Tiriti anamata. Hei tīmatanga ki te whakatau i ēnei nawe, i tūtohu te Taraipiunara kia aro atu te Karauna ki te whakaaetanga tiriti i waenga i te Karauna me ngā rangatira o Te Raki i te tau 1840 me te whakapāha mō ana takahi i te tiriti. I tūtohu hoki te Taraipiunara kia whakahoki te Karauna i ngā whenua katoa i te pupuritia e te Karauna ki ngā Māori nō Te Raki; kia whakarato i te utu paremata ohaoha; me te tīmata ki te kōrerorero me ngā Māori o Te Raki ki te whakatau i ngā hātepe me ngā whakanōhanga turepapa tika i ngā taumata ā-motu, ā-iwi, ā-hapū hoki kia aro, kia whakaute, kia whakamana hoki i ō rātou mōtika Tiriti.