Ko te otinga o te Rōpu Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi, nā ngā takahi nui a te Karauna i te Tiriti o Waitangi i pā te whakakino tairaru ki te mana me te whakahaere motuhake o ngā iwi me ngā hapū o Te Rohe Pōtae.
I tēnei rā i whakaputa te Taraipiunara i ngā upoko e ono e waihanga ana i te wāhanga III o Te Mana Whatu Āhuru: Pūrongo mō ngā Kerēme o Te Rohe Pōtae. Ka whai tēnei i te tukunga o ngā wāhanga I me te II i te Hepetema o 2018. E aro ana te pūrongo i ngā kerēme e 277 e pā ana ki ngā mahi Karauna i roto i Te Rohe Pōtae i muri iho i te waitohutanga o te Tiriti i te 6 o Pēpuere 1840.
E anganui ana tēnei wāhanga o te pūrongo ki te kaupapahere me te ture mō te whenua i whakatinanahia e te Karauna i muri iho i te tau 1900 i roto i Te Rohe Pōtae me ngā hīraunga ki ngāi Māori, i kawatau ka whakahaere tonu rātou i ō rātou mana whakahaere i runga i ō rātou ake whenua, hapori hoki. I whakaata ēnei kawatau i ngā kī taurangi o te rangatiratanga i roto i te Tiriti o Waitangi, tae atu ki ngā whakaaetanga (1883–85) i waenga i ngā Māori o Te Rohe Pōtae me te Karauna, e kīia nei Te Ōhākī Tapu, i kī taurangi kia whakamana i te Tiriti i te rohe (ā, e āta matapakihia ana i te wāhanga II o te pūrongo).
I te wā o ngā hui whakawhiti kōrero i whāia e ēnei whakaaetanga, i kī taurangi ki ngā Māori o Te Rohe Pōtae, mā te whakaae kia mahi te Native Land Court i roto i tō rātou rohe atu i te tau 1886, ka whiwhi rātou ki te taitara pūmau e koke whakamua ai i tā rātou whakapāpā i nui kē ki te ohaoha koroniara.
Heoi anō, i te mutunga o te rautau tekau mā iwa kua mārama ki Ngāi Māori me te Karauna i takarepa ngā whakawhiwhinga a te Native Land Court i ngā taitara me ngā pānga takitahi kāore i whakawehea atu i tana taenga ki te takiwā, i āwhina i te whakawātea whenua, ā, i aukati te whanaketanga whenua. Ka tae ki te tau 1909, kua whakawāteahia ngā whenua Māori e 934,367, e tata ana ki te haurua o te takiwā katoa. Ka tae ki te tau 1966, he 18 ōrau anake o te takiwā, e 342,722 eka rānei, i noho tonu ki te puritanga Māori.
E mātai ana ngā upoko i roto i tēnei wāhanga o te pūrongo he pēhea i auau ai i te ture o te Karauna me ana mahi ko te whakawātea whenua Māori kia nohoia kētia e te Pākehā hei hua auau. Kei roto i ngā ahunga i whakaritea mā te ture: te tikanga haere tonu o te hoko a te Karauna i ngā pānga ki te whenua; te waihangatanga o ngā kaunihera whenua iwi taketake, ā, i muri iho ngā poari whenua iwi taketake hei māngai mā ngā kaipupuri whenua; te tuku whakature i ēnei whenua ki ēnei poari kia rīhitia, kia whakahaeretia anō hoki; te whakatūnga o ngā tāone iwi taketake kia whakawātea ai i ngā whenua tuwhene mā ngā tāngata whai Pākehā; te whakature i te whakatōpūtanga whakature o ngā pānga whenua kia whakahou me te whakangāwari i ngā taitara; ngā kōwhitinga whānui e tukuna ana ki te Native Land Court (i muri iho Kōti Whenua Māori) kia huawaere i te whakawātea whenua; te tuku whakature hei whenua Pākehā i waenga i te tau 1967 me te tau 1974 ina he whāiti ngā kaipupuri whenua; me te rironga whakature o ngā pānga kāore i te whakaputa huamoni. I kitea i roto i ngā wānanga a te Taraipiunara i tēnei wāhanga o te pūrongo he maha ngā takahi e pā ana ki te ture whenua nō te rautau rua tekau, ko tana pānga ki te takiwā, me ngā mahi whakahaere o ana tari kāwanatanga maha.
Ka kitea hoki nā te pāpātanga tāpiripiri o ngā takahanga Tiriti a te Karauna e pā ana ki te taitara whenua, te puritanga, te whakawhiti me te whanaketanga i roto i te rohe, i ngaro te tino rangatiratanga i runga i ngā whenua o Te Rohe Pōtae, te memeha o ngā hononga ā-pāpori, ā-tōrangapū hoki, te ngaronga whenua, me te whakahāweatanga nui rawa atu ā-pāpori, ā-ohaoha, ā-ahurea hoki, e haere tonu ana ngā pāpātanga i tēnei rā.
Nā runga anō i ngā Takahi i te tiriti kua tautuhia ināianei e te Taraipiunara, i whakarite te Taraipiunara i te tūtohutanga kotahi i roto i tēnei wāhanga o te pūrongo. I te wā o ngā hui whakawhiti kōrero whakataunga Tiriti, me matapaki te Karauna ki ngā Māori o Te Rohe Pōtae, (t)ō rātou rōpū whakatau take me ngā mana kōwhiri, he nuka ā-ture pea e whakamanatia ai ngā iwi me ngā hapū o Te Rohe Pōtae kia whakahaere i ō rātou whenua i te taha o te Kōti Whenua Māori me Te Tumu Paeroa, hei rōpū motuhake rānei. Nā runga anō i tēnei kōwhiringa me āta kōrerorero ki ngā kaipupuri whenua Māori, ā, me kaua e whakauru he āhuatanga uruhi, whakature rānei.
Ka whakaputaina wāhanga IV o te pūrongo, e urupare ana i te kāwanatanga haukāinga, te rangatiratanga tōrangapū Māori, me ngā take Taiao, hei te tau Hepetema 2019.
E wātea ana te putanga whakamutunga o te pūrongo kia tīkina ake: Te Mana Whatu Ahuru [PDF, 4Mb](hononga o waho)
Mō ngā pakirehua arapāho katoa, whakapā atu ki te tīma pāpāho o te Tāhū o te Ture, (04) 918 8836 media@justice.govt.nz rānei.
Ngā pātai me ngā whakautu
He aha Te Rohe Pōtae?
E hāngai ana tēnei kīanga 'Te Rohe Pōtae' ki ngā kōrero tuku iho e hāngai ana ki te Kīngi Māori tuarua, ki a Tāwhiao. Ka kīia i whakanoho ia i tana pōtae i runga i te mahere o te takiwā ki te tautuhi i te rohe i whai mana ai te Kīngitanga. Ka kīia hoki ka whakamahi a Wahanui Huatere, he rangatira whai mana nō te rautau tekau mā iwa, i te pōtae hei whakaritenga mō te rohe.
Ko hea Te Rohe Pōtae?
Kei roto i te takiwā ruku tātari o Te Rohe Pōtae ngā rohe katoa mai i te raki o Taranaki ki te tonga o Waikato kāore i raupatuhia i muri iho i ngā pakanga o ngā 1860. Kei roto hoki ngā whanga ki te uru o Kāwhia, o Aotea, o Whāingaroa hoki, ā, e totoro ana kia tata ki Taumarunui.
Ko wai ngā kaikerēme?
He uri ngā kaikerēme o te hunga Māori i noho ki te takiwā ruku tātari i te Pēpuere o 1840. He uri nō Ngāti Maniapoto te nuinga o ngā kaikerēme, engari he maha ētahi atu iwi, hapū hoki i whai wāhi atu ki te ruku tātari.
I tautokohia te petihana o te tau 1883 ki te Pāremata i kimi i te mana whakahaere e ngā iwi o Ngāti Maniapoto, o Ngāti Tūwharetoa, o Raukawa, o Whanganui, o Ngāti Hikairo hoki.
He aha te take e whakaputaina ana te pūrongo ki ōna wāhanga?
I tēnei wā e whakawhiti kōrero ana te Karauna i te whakataunga take o ngā kerēme o mua o Ngāti Maniapoto. E whakaputa ana te Taraipiunara i tēnei wāhanga o te pūrongo hei āwhina i ngā hunga i roto i ō rātou hui whakawhiti kōrero.
He aha te ruku tātari ā-rohe o Te Rohe Pōtae?
He ara ngā ruku tātari ā-rohe kia whakarongo ki ngā kerēme Waitangi o mua i tukuna ki te Rōpū Whakamana i Te Tiriti o Waitangi i roto i tētahi rohe tauwhāiti. Ko Te Rohe Pōtae tētahi o ngā rohe whakamutunga kāore anō kia pūrongohia e te Taraipiunara.
I rongo te Taraipiunara mō Te Rohe Pōtae i ngā taunakitanga mō ngā wiki e 23, tae atu ki ngā hui e ono mō Ngā Kōrero Tuku Iho kia rongo i ngā tukunga ihotanga me te taunakitanga ā-waha. Ka tīmata ngā nohoanga i te Māehe o 2010, ā, i oti i te Pēpuere o 2015.
Kei runga i te rōpū Taraipiunara ko Kaiwhakawā David Ambler (mana whakahaere) rātou ko Tā Hirini Mead, ko Ahorangi Pou Temara, ko Mr John Baird, ko Dr Aroha Harris. I muri iho i te matenga o Kaiwhakawā Ambler i te tau 2017, ka kopoua a Kaiwhakawā Matua Tuarua Caren Fox ki te tūnga o te mana whakahaere.
Rārangi wā
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Ngā 1830 |
I whakatū a Ngāti Maniapoto me Waikato i te haumitanga tino kaha, mau tonu hoki. |
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1840 |
Ka waitohu ngā rangatira o Te Rohe Pōtae i te Tiriti ki Kāwhia me Te Pūaha-o-Waikato. Ko ētahi o rātou ko Taonui Hīkaka rātou ko Te Ngohi (te matua o Rewi Maniapoto), ko Wiremu Nera Te Awataia o Ngāti Māhanga. Kāore ētahi atu i whakaae ki te waitohu, tae atu ki Pōtatau Te Wherowhero (i muri iho ka tū hei Kīngi Māori) me Te Heuheu o Ngāti Tūwharetoa. |
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Ngā 1840 |
Ka whakatū ngā mihinare me ngā kaihoko i a rātou, ā, ka angitu te whakawhanake a ngā iwi me ngā hapu o te rohe i ngā kōwhiringa ahuwhenua me te pakihi. |
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Ngā 1850 |
Ka tīmata te kāwanatanga ki te hoko whenua i roto i te rohe engari he iti tōna angitu. He maha ngā wā kāore ngā kaiwhakarite hoko i whakatūturu kua riro i a rātou te whakaaetanga ngā kaipupuri whenua katoa, me te aha, i piki te whakahē i ngā hokonga whenua. |
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1852 |
Ka whakamana te kāwanatanga o Piritānia i te New Zealand Constitution Act, e whakarato ana i te tukanga e āhei ana ngā tāngata whai i Aotearoa te whiwhi kāwanatanga hei māngai mā rātou. E āhua aukatia ana ngāi Māori, engari e whakaaetia ana e te tekihana 71 o te Ture kia auahatia me te kāwanahia ngā rohe iwi taketake i raro i te tikanga me te rangatiratanga. Engari kāore i whakatinanahia tēnei whakaritenga. |
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1857 |
Kei te iho o te whakatū i te Kīngitanga ngā rangatira Māori o Te Rohe Pōtae hei whakapūmau i te mana whakahaere Māori me te pupuri tonu ki te whenua. E rite ana te Kīngitanga ki ngā whakaritenga whakanōhanga i whakaarohia e te Tiriti. Kei te Karauna te kōwhiringa kia aro atu ki te Kīngitanga me te whakauru ki ngā pūrere o te kāwanatanga, engari kāore anō kia pērā. |
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1860 |
Ka whakamātau te Kāwanatanga ki te hoko whenua ki Taranaki ahakoa kāore te katoa o ngā kaipupuri whenua i whakaae, ā, ka tono hōia kia whakauruhi i tōna hokonga whakapae. Ka whakatau a Ngāti Maniapoto me ētahi atu rōpū o Te Rohe Pōtae kia āwhina i a rātou e tohe ana i te hoko. Ka whakatau te Kāwanatanga he whakamōrea te kaha o te mana Māori, i whakakanohitia e te Kīngitanga, ki tōna ake mana, ā, me whakamōtī. |
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1863–64 |
Ka whakakaha te Kāwanatanga i ngā kohimuhimu teka ākuanei huaki ai Ngāti Maniapoto ki Tāmakimakaurau. Ka whakaatuhia tō rātou rangatira, a Rewi Maniapoto, hei taiwhiwhita whakamōrea. E tata ana ki te 18,000 ngā hōia i urutomo i Waikato, ā, e whakapaetia ana he huaki tōmua. |
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1865–67 |
Ka raupatuhia e te Karauna te katoa o te whenua e nōhia ana e ngā hōia i Waikato me Taranaki. Ka tāpirihia ko te whenua o Ngāti Maniapoto me Ngāti Apakura, ā, he kaikerēme rātou i roto i tēnei ruku tātari. |
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1866–83 |
I muri i te whawhai, ka manaaki Ngāti Maniapoto i a Kīngi Tāwhiao me ana tāngata ki Tokangamutu (Te Kūiti). Ka whakanonoi, ka whakauruhi ngātahi hoki rātou i te aukati, he nuka rohenga hei whakahaumaru i ō rātou whenua, i ō rātou rangatiratanga i te riri anō o te Karauna. |
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1883 |
Ka petihana ngā Māori o Te Rohe Pōtae ki te Pāremata kia whakahau kia whakamahia e te Karauna tōna kāwanatanga kia whakamana i te kī taurangi Tiriti o te tino rangatiratanga. |
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1885 |
Nā runga anō i ngā kī taurangi a te Karauna kia hoatu i ngā mana kaha ake o te tino rangatiratanga ki ngā hapori Māori, ka whakaae ngā Māori o Te Rohe Pōtae ki te waihangatanga o te Rerewē Matua o Te Ika-a-Māui ki runga i ō rātou whenua. |
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1886 |
Ka noho te Native Land Court ki Ōtorohanga kia whakatewhatewha me te whakatau i te taitara ki te poraka Aotea-Rohe Pōtae, he wāhi i kapi ai te wāhanga nui o te rohe ruku tātari. E tata ana te katoa o te poraka e whakawhiwhia ana e te kōti ki ngā kaitono e rima: Ko Ngāti Maniapoto, Ngāti Raukawa, Ngāti Tūwharetoa, Whanganui me Ngāti Hikairo. |
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1890–1905 |
Ka tīmata te Karauna i hōtaka whānui o te hoko whenua i roto i Te Rohe Pōtae. Me te aha, neke atu i te 640,000 eka – kotahi hautoru o te rohe – ka puta atu i te puritanga Māori i roto i tēnei wā āhua poto nei. |
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1897 |
Te Petihana a ngā Māori nō Te Rohe Pōtae e tono ana kia unuhia ngā aukatinga kia hoko, kia rīhi rānei ki tētahi tangata ehara i te Karauna, ā, kia whakaaetia kia rīhi, kia hoko rānei i ō rātou whenua ki tētahi tangata ahakoa ko wai. |
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1900 |
Ka whakamanahia te Maori Councils Act, e whakarato ana kia whakatūria ngā kaunihera Māori kia mahi (mō te nuinga o te wā) i ngā take hauora, pāpori hoki. |
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1903 |
Kua oti te waihangatanga o te Rerewē Matua o Te Ika-a-Māui i roto i te rohe o te ruku tātari. |
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1904 |
Ka whakatau te Pāremata kia whakatū i te Kōmihana Roera mō ngā whenua Karauna 'me te whakaaro kia whakatenatena, kia whakatairanga anō i te noho a ngā tāngata whai ki te whenua'. |
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1905 |
Ka whakaturea e te Māori Land Settlement Act me whakakapi ngā poari whenua Māori, me te whakahekenga o te whakakanohitanga Māori, i ngā kaunihera whenua Māori. Me kopou ngā mema katoa e te Karauna, ā, ka taea te hokonga a te Karauna te tīmata anō. |
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1907 |
Ka kopoua te kōmihana Stout-Ngata i te Hānuere, ā, ka noho te kōmihana ki Te Kuiti me Ōtorohanga i te Mei me te Hune. Ka tāpae a John Ormsby i te reta, hei reo mō Taonui me ētahi atu tāngata 16, e whakarāpopoto ana i te anga whenua Māori hei mea 'whakahōhā, ā, e pēhi ana i te noho whenua ahu whakamua'. |
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1908 |
Ka noho te kōmihana Stout-Ngata ki Te Kuiti me Ōtorohanga, ā, ka whakaputaina tētahi atu pūrongo mō ngā whenua o Te Rohe Pōtae. |
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1909 |
Ka toro atu a Timi Kara, hei Pirimia Taupua ki Te Rohe Pōtae, ā, ka tūtaki ki ngā tāngata whai me ngā Māori. I Ōtorohanga, i hoatu ngā Māori i reira i te petihana e whakahē ana i ētahi ture e pā ana ki te whakamahi me te whakahaere o te whenua i roto i te rohe. E hia ngā tau ka haere tonu ngā petihana pēnei. |
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1914–18 |
Ka tīmata te Karauna ki te whiwhi i te whenua kia whakarato i ngā pāmu mō ngā hōia e hoki mai ana i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. |
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1922 |
Ko tōna 28 ōrau anake o te whenua o Te Rohe Pōtae kei roto tonu i ngā ringa Māori i tēnei wā. |
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1939–45 |
Te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao. |
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1961 |
Ka whakaputaina te 'Hunn Report', e kapi ai te whānuitanga o ngā take Māori, tae atu ki te āhua o ngā taitara whenua Māori. |
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1978 |
Ka kopoua te kōmihana Roera kia tū te ruku tātari ki ngā Kōti Whenua Māori. |